Seafood (freshwater and marine) is central to Australian culture and economy, with a value of over AUD$3.15 billion. Australia, like many countries, is transitioning from fisheries to aquaculture, which is evidenced by recent fisheries declines and a rise in aquaculture production. Australia has a national goal of doubling aquaculture value by 2027 and advancing the blue economy. Aquaculture has great potential given its environmental efficiencies compared to other food systems, however, whether this growth is environmentally sustainable is unknown, which may compromise environmental health and future aquaculture production. A major gap for assessing the environmental impact (i.e., sustainability) of Australian aquaculture production is a lack of understanding of where aquaculture is produced. Here, I will introduce an ongoing project aiming to map Australian aquaculture production. I will discuss opportunities and challenges for such an assessment, including data availability, methodologies, and preliminary results. Knowledge of where, how, and how much aquaculture is produced is critical for understanding sustainability and informing management decisions. Such information will close critical knowledge gaps to bring Australian aquaculture in line with other major food production sectors (e.g., fisheries, agriculture).