Marine mammals are a key receptor of concern for the offshore renewables sector due to the potential for construction, operation and maintenance noise to cause a range of detrimental effects. To better quantify the risks to marine mammals during the assessment process and optimise mitigation approaches, novel techniques are being applied. One such technique is the use of animal movement simulation models, where simulated animals (‘animats’) are programmed to behave based on realistic animal movements and behaviours to predict real world underwater sound exposures.
To demonstrate this technique, its value compared to standard acoustic modelling, and provide an avenue to discuss the use of the technique and improvments, we performed an examplar modelling study of sound levels associated with impact pile driving of monopiles in the Gippsland offshore wind zone. The study focused on pygmy blue whales and southern right whales, and examined effect ranges for acoustic thresholds associated with injury and behavioural disturbance. Outputs can be used to design mitigation approaches, however if whale density information was available, examining population level consequences of sound exposure would be possible. The potential of this modelling approach along with additional data needs that could enhance and expand the model will be discussed.